In 1958, at the height of the Cold War, a gangly young Texan with an impressive mop of blond curls and an aw-shucks manner traveled to the Soviet Union to take part in the first International Tchaikovsky Competition. Sputnik had just been launched, and the Russians were swaggering.
The music competition was intended as Soviet propaganda, and there was almost no question that a Russian would win. The event took place in Moscow; most of the judges were from the Soviet bloc, and the music to be performed was mostly Rachmaninoff, Tchaikovsky and some "Russian or Soviet composers … barely known in the West."
But the Soviets had not counted on the young Texan. His name was Van Cliburn, and the romantic Russian composers were his passion.
In his entertaining, delightful biography, "Moscow Nights: The Van Cliburn Story; How One Man and His Piano Transformed the Cold War," historian Nigel Cliff gives a cradle-to-grave account of Cliburn's life, concentrating heavily on the 1958 competition and its aftermath.
Cliburn, of course, won the competition, his performance stirring memories "of the golden age of Russian piano playing with its sweep and its passions; its rich gorgeousness and its forceful personality." And he won over the Russian people, who went wild for him the way Americans went wild for Elvis Presley. Women fainted, staked him out, sent him presents and love letters, wept when he played, rushed the stage, screamed his name: "Vanya Kleeburn! Vanya Kleeburn!"
Time magazine proclaimed him "the Texan who conquered Russia."
Cliff does a magnificent job of setting things in historical context, breaking away from Cliburn's story to vividly recount the last hours of Stalin (his guards were afraid to check on him, "scared at what might have happened and even more scared that they might have to disobey his orders not to disturb him" ), as well as the rise of the "voluble, roly-poly" Nikita Khrushchev.
Cliff has a great eye for entertaining stories and lively anecdotes (all footnoted within an inch of their lives — a good thing), and he seems genuinely fond of everyone he writes about (even Stalin, sort of). At times, Khrushchev and his colorful escapades threaten to steal the book from the more one-dimensional Cliburn. During a visit to the United States, for instance, Khrushchev shouted in Russian from a New York City balcony. "Passing drivers wound down their windows and booed. Khrushchev grinned, shook his fist at them, and booed back."
If the book has a flaw, it is that Cliff never gets inside Cliburn's skin; the pianist is still the same curly-headed, aw-shucks guy at the end of the book that he was at the beginning. Cliburn's homosexuality is dealt with only briefly; Cliff reveals little about Cliburn's private life, focusing primarily on his public life. Cliburn stayed out of politics as much as was possible, playing for all of the U.S. presidents but also traveling frequently to Russia. His reputation rose and fell in the eyes of the American people, but the love of the Russians was steadfast.
The tragedy of Cliburn might be that he never moved beyond the Russian composers, never established a wider repertoire that would have established him as a truly important artist. "Audiences at home and abroad were still clamoring to hear his prizewinning program, but the critics were beginning to gripe about the lack of a new repertoire," Cliff writes. "Even though he had turned down [many invitations], it was impossible to find time to practice, polish, and perfect."
While one critic warned that Cliburn was becoming a "flesh and blood jukebox," Cliburn earnestly saw himself as a service professional ("like a waiter," he said), "and he felt obliged to give listeners what they wanted." And what they wanted was the Russians.
And really, that was what Cliburn wanted, too. Russia, and the Russians, were with him to the very end. At Cliburn's funeral in 2013 — which he planned himself — a choir sang "Moscow Nights," and the casket, Cliff notes, "was heavy with white lilacs, like Russia in the spring."
Laurie Hertzel is the senior editor for books at the Star Tribune. On Twitter: @StribBooks. On Facebook: facebook.com/startribunebooks
Moscow Nights
By: Nigel Cliff.
Publisher: Harper, 452 pages, $28.99
