Q How do sidewalk and grass ants manage to survive heavy rainstorms, which must cause their anthills to flood?
A The impact of heavy rain is not as severe as you may think on ant hills. Ants tunnel farther into the soil than what it may appear. It is common, depending on the species of ant, for them to be tunneling at least a foot into the ground.
The penetration of rain into the soil depends on a variety of complex factors, such as how much rain was received, the soil type and how dry the soil is. The ants can tolerate the rain passing through their nest. Fortunately for them, it is unlikely to pool below the soil surface because water generally moves through the soil until it reaches the groundwater. However, if a site is kept excessively moist, the ants likely would die and the colony would not survive.
Jeff Hahn, entomologist, University of Minnesota Extension
Which pan for baking? Q How do different types of pans affect the outcome of my baking? In other words, when should I use a dark pan and when should I use a light one?
A Recipes often recommend the best type of pan. However, here's a general guide:
• Light colored aluminum: Use for light golden crusts and even browning.
• Dark aluminum and other bakeware with dark, dull and/or nonstick finish: Brown, crisp crusts. You might want to reduce baking temperatures 25 degrees, but stick with the suggested baking time. However, for pies, breads and casseroles, use the temperature recommended in the recipe. Place the rack in the center of oven.
• Insulated cookie sheets or baking pans: Little or no bottom browning. Place in the bottom third of oven. You may need to increase baking time.
• Stainless steel: Light, golden crusts, uneven browning. You may need to increase baking time.
• Stoneware: Crisp crusts. Follow manufacturer's instructions.
• Oven-proof glassware, ceramic glass or ceramic: Brown, crisp crusts. You may want to reduce baking temperatures 25 degrees.
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