WASHINGTON – After several years in the wilderness, the American consumer is back. Well, sort of.
A number of indicators point to an increase in consumption suggesting that the consumer, who drives much of the U.S. economy, is willing to loosen the purse strings. Banks report more requests for credit. Car sales are surging. The fortunes of many retailers are improving.
Less clear, however, is to what degree Americans are going to be willing to take on more debt and spend more freely. The psychological scars left by the devastating financial crisis of 2008 and the Great Recession remain.
"Part of this story, beyond this month or this quarter, is the new austerity within the consumer market — both paying off debt and building up savings. That's not going to go away," said Ken Goldstein, an economist with the Conference Board. "It may ease up a bit, but we're not going back to pre-Great Recession. That world is done."
Almost a decade of easy lending led consumers to buy more home than they thought possible, borrow heavily against their homes, rack up huge credit card debt and, many economists say, live beyond their means.
The financial crisis and deep recession brought that to a halt. It forced consumers and businesses alike to pay down their debts, sometimes referred to as deleveraging.
Here's where that stands. Federal Reserve data show that in the third quarter of 2007, consumers had a debt-service ratio of 14.08 percent. Think of it as $14.08 out of every $100 going to pay off debt.
In the same quarter of 2012, that ratio had fallen to 10.61 percent. That's good for personal finances, but not so good for an economy driven by consumption.
"The wounds of 2008 and 2009 may be four or five years ago, but they're still fresh," said Susan Reda, the editor of Stores, a trade magazine for retailers. "We've turned a corner, but they don't think they're on Easy Street."
